Perioperative cardiac risk reduction.

Perioperative cardiac evaluation: assessment, risk reduction, and complication management.

Perioperative cardiac complications are among the most feared outcomes after surgery. Using evidence-based guidelines and expert opinion, physicians can perform a risk assessment and decide whether further cardiac testing, medical therapy, or coronary intervention is necessary to optimize the patient's medical condition prior to surgery. This article reviews the major concepts and recommendatio...

Perioperative cardiac risk reduction: doing it right.

Statins for surgical patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate perioperative statin treatment, to explore the rapidly increasing body of literature on the pleiotropic effects of statins, and to suggest a rational strategy of perioperative risk reduction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Vascular, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular complications are all too common in surgery. Although treatment with beta-blockers is a well-established str...

Indications of prophylactic coronary revascularization in patients undergoing major vascular surgery: the saga continues.

When considering a patient for major vascular surgery, a careful pre-operative clinical risk evaluation and subsequent risk-reduction strategies are essential to improve postoperative outcome. The ACC/AHA TaskForce published therefore Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Non-cardiac Surgery in 1996 and an update in 2002. Furthermore, due to increasing evidence of ...

Perioperative beta blockers in patients having non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines on perioperative assessment recommend perioperative beta blockers for non-cardiac surgery, although results of some clinical trials seem not to support this recommendation. We aimed to critically review the evidence to assess the use of perioperative beta blockers in patients having non-cardiac surgery...